Notes from "Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia"
...Now, 36% of the entire Mongolian population is reported to be erliiz, of which 31 % is Chinese erliiz. It is calculated that in the capital Ulaanbaatar alone there are 85,000 Chinese erliiz. The rest are concentrated in such places as Hovd, Zavhan, and Selenge aimags and Darhan and Zuunharaa cities.
... The era of nationalism at the beginning of this century saw marriage become a controversial issue for the first time. One of the complaints in the petition sent by Mongolian representatives to the Russian emperor for support of Mongolian independence in 1911 was that the Manchu government had decided to allow the Chinese to marry Mongol women: ' Originally, marriage between Mongols and Chinese was forbidden; but as a result of a ' New Policy', it was declared last year that such marriages have been approved. ( Onon and Pritchatt 1989:12)
The Mongolian prime minister Tserendorj, in the 1920s warned again: "Our girls are greedy for sex and money , and they are increasingly having sex with foreigners. But women are the mother of our nation. In the future i am afriad our descent will degenerate' ( Batnairamdal 1991)
Why did Mongolian women bear the brunt of the blame for marrying foreigners? They continue to be scolded by men today, as will be discussed shortly.This phenomenon can only be explained by women's role in the nation-state. Athias and Yuval- Davis suggest that there are five major ways in which women are involved in ethnic and national processes:
1. as a biological reproducers of members of ethnic collevtives
2. as reproducers of members of ethnic collectives
3. as participating centrally in the ideological reproduction of the collectivity and as transmitters of its culture
4. as signifiers of ethnic/national differences- as a focus and symbol in ideological discourses used in the construction, reproduction and transformation of ethnic/ national categories
5. as participants in national, economic, political and military struggles.
... At the beginning of the 20th century when there were about 600,000 Mongols, there were also some 75,000 traders, 15,000 Chinese workers and crafsmen, and 5000 Chinese agricultural labourers.
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5 comments:
Did he provide the source of this statistics?
"Now, 36% of the entire Mongolian population is reported to be erliiz, of which 31 % is Chinese erliiz. It is calculated that in the capital Ulaanbaatar alone there are 85,000 Chinese erliiz. The rest are concentrated in such places as Hovd, Zavhan, and Selenge aimags and Darhan and Zuunharaa cities."
"Now, 36% of the entire Mongolian population is reported to be erliiz, of which 31 % is Chinese erliiz." ( Batnariamdal 1991) gsn baina. There is a 'nationalities' chart that he refers to on the other page, and its been noted that some of the data can be found in Ch. Nyambuu (1976:11 and 65)while others are unpublished data from the State Statistics Office.
That means almost third of the entire Mongolian population has either Chinese father or mother. And I'm not struggling to overcome my bias or whatsoever, but it just seems to me this statistics is totally inaccurate.
Meanwhile, say if you have a Chinese grandparents, the technical term should be "hurliiz". And I think by "erliiz", the guy means "hurliiz" people as well.
Anyways, I'm sick and tired of all these xenophobic, pseudo-fascist bullshites. In Mongolia, even the bloody taxi drivers try to convince me that our government is seized by chinese. Totally idiosyncratic.
I know it's too late ... but who were those *chinese*? IMO, there could have been lots of manchurians in mongolia at that time (more/less than Han chinese). Manchus were in power, so I would imagine them living in mongolia back then due to close geographical proximity. I have to say that lots of mongolians confuse manchurians with chinese. They think they were same people. In reality, they were very different from each other.
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